- To address these concerns, regulatory agencies around the world have established guidelines for the use of TiO2 in cosmetics. For example, the European Union has set limits on the amount of TiO2 allowed in cosmetic products, and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires manufacturers to list TiO2 as an ingredient on product labels.
- One of the key benefits of working with pigment suppliers is the consistent quality of the product they provide. Suppliers have strict quality control measures in place to ensure that the lithopone they supply is of the highest standard. This is essential for manufacturers who rely on consistent performance and color matching in their products
lithopone in pigment suppliers. Titanium Dioxide Raw Material Tio2 Powder
- S 2 0 8 2 — +2Fe 2+ +6 NH 3 · H 2 0 →2 S0 4 2 — + 2Fe (OH) 3 \ +6NH 4 +
The conjugation of vitamin C to the P25TiO2NPs was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy of lyophilized vitaminC@P25TiO2NPs suspensions. The typical absorbance peak of ascorbic acid at 265 nm was found. However, no further characterization was done because they did not show the expected protective effect against the photo-induced cell damage (Fig. 3).
Wegman’s puts titanium dioxide in its Original Macaroni and Cheese. Campbell’s Healthy Request Chunky Chicken Corn Chowder has it, as does Food Club’s Chunky New England Clam Chowder. Marzetti uses the color agent to brighten its Cream Cheese Fruit Dip. Dairy products usually don’t need titanium dioxide to look white, but Kroger has decided to add titanium dioxide to its Fat Free Half-and-Half. And titanium dioxide isn’t only in especially white or brightly colored foods: Little Debbie adds it to Fudge Rounds and many other products. According to the Food Scores database maintained by Environmental Working Group, more than 1,800 brand-name food products have titanium dioxide on their ingredients list. That said, it can still lurk as an unspecified “artificial color,” or labels might simply say “color added.”
Lithopone B301, Lithopone B311 powder is also widely applied in paints and enamels
Although the evidence for general toxic effects was not conclusive, on the basis of the new data and strengthened methods our scientists could not rule out a concern for genotoxicity and consequently they could not establish a safe level for daily intake of TiO2 as a food additive.
EFSA’s scientific advice will be used by risk managers (the European Commission, Member States) to inform any decisions they take on possible regulatory actions.
Molecular Formula: Zn2BaS2O5
According to Procurement Resource, the price of Titanium dioxide is estimated to depict a declining trends in the upcoming quarter. The price trends will be mostly affected by the weakened demand from the paint and coatings industries and the rise in global inflation.
Research has shown that, when ingested as a food additive, titanium dioxide and its nanoparticles can impact, alter, and/or damage important protective bacteria in the gut, along with the metabolic pathways of gut bacteria.


What's everyone talking about? Sign up for our trending newsletter to get the latest news of the day
Avoiding exposure
Genotoxicity refers to the ability of a chemical substance to damage DNA , the genetic material of cells. As genotoxicity may lead to carcinogenic effects, it is essential to assess the potential genotoxic effect of a substance to conclude on its safety.
As mentioned above, these oxide NPs are harmful in part because both anatase and rutile forms are semiconductors and produce ROS. Particularly, P25 kind has band-gap energies estimated of 3.2 and 3.0 eV, equivalent to radiation wavelengths of approximately 388 and 414 nm, respectively. Irradiation at these wavelengths or below produces a separation of charge, resulting in a hole in the valence band and a free electron in the conduction band, due to the electron movement from the valence to conduction bands. These hole–electron pairs generate ROS when they interact with H2O or O2 [43,44]. It was described that they can cause an increase in ROS levels after exposure to UV-visible light [45]. The NBT assay in the studied samples showed that bare P25TiO2NPs produce a large amount of ROS, which is drastically reduced by functionalization with vitamin B2 (Fig. 5). This vitamin, also known as riboflavin, was discovered in 1872 as a yellow fluorescent pigment, [46] but its function as an essential vitamin for humans was established more than sixty years later, and its antioxidant capacity was not studied until the end of the XX century [47,48]. This antioxidant role in cells is partially explained because the glutathione reductase enzyme (GR) requires it for good functionality. This enzyme is the one in charge of the conversion of oxidized glutathione to its reduced form which acts as a powerful inner antioxidant and can quench the ROS [49,50]. The cost of this action is that the glutathione is converted to the oxidized form and needs to be recovered by the GR. Consequently, the cells need more vitamin B2. Another glutathione action is the protection against hydroperoxide. This activity is also mediated by riboflavin. Therefore, local delivery of this vitamin seems to significantly help the cells in their fight to keep the oxidative balance, once they are exposed to high levels of ROS.



When E171 is part of a food product, it passes through the digestive system without causing harm because E171 combines with the other ingredients.